Large rocks are valued and worshipped as kami, or sacred spirits, according to Shinto philosophy.

When it comes to plants, Japanese garden design favours mostly the green palette in different shapes, sizes, and textures: trees, flowering shrubs (azaleas are popular and take well to lots of pruning), lawns, ferns, and mosses are preferred.

Stone water basins, accompanied with a bamboo dipper, are part of ritual cleansing in the garden, especially before a tea ceremony. Water basins are frequently paired with carefully positioned Japanese lanterns.

Ponds, representing real or mythical lakes or seas, are a central element of many Japanese gardens. Small ponds are homes for koi fish, while large ponds can serve for boating and star-gazing at night. 

The presence of curves in natural landscapes, and the absence of straight lines and geometric shapes, is what leads to the use of asymmetrical garden designs in all Japanese gardens.

Japanese gardens often incorporate natural or neighbouring elements as part of their design. Mountainsides, old trees, and temples are examples of these borrowed scenery that can enhance the garden's overall landscaping.

Japanese gardens often feature large windows that frame the view like a picture, allowing them to be appreciated from the inside of a building or house.

These principles will work together to create the proper balance in your Japanese garden. Discover how the principles of Japanese garden design can harmoniously come together to create a serene oasis.

In Japanese garden design, large rocks represent hills, mountains, and islands. Upright rocks resemble waterfalls. Dry gardens consist of stones with raked gravel or sand to simulate ocean waves or rough seas. Black pine, Japanese maples, and plum trees symbolize strength and endurance.